Artificial Intelligence and Robotics

AI meets robotics

Artificial intelligence (AI) and robotics are among the most important technologies of the future. AI encompasses a broad range of research approaches and extends far beyond machine learning, a term that is often used synonymously with AI today. Whilst classical, symbolic AI is based on explicit logical rules, machine learning enables the independent identification of complex patterns in large volumes of data. Deep learning utilises neural networks and, through modern transformer or diffusion models, it has driven breakthroughs in natural language processing and generative AI. Approaches such as reinforcement learning also enable systems to learn optimal action strategies through interaction with their environment.

Robotics does indeed function without AI, for example in classical automation, where machines execute precisely pre-programmed sequences. Robots assist in production, take on dangerous tasks or help in logistics and care. However, the combination of AI systems and robotics – AI-based robotics – enables entirely new forms of automation. At its heart lies embodiment – the integration of artificial intelligence into physical systems that must operate within the constraints of the physical world in real time. Through a continuous feedback loop of perception, cognition, and action, these systems can autonomously translate knowledge about their environment into purposeful behaviour. This enables breakthroughs in areas such as autonomous mobility, precision medicine, adaptive manufacturing, smart farming, circular economy solutions, the exploration of extreme environments, and intelligent assistance systems.